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Here is the breakdown of these three expressions. Level 1 "He is cooking." هُوَ يَطْبُخُ Huwa yaṭbukhu Word by word: هُوَ (huwa) → he يَطْبُخُ (yaṭbukhu) → is cooking يَطْبُخُ comes from the root ط ب خ meaning: to cook, to prepare food. The prefix يَ (ya) marks the present tense for third person masculine. So the action is happening now. Level 2 "He is cutting." هُوَ يَقْطَعُ Huwa yaqṭa'u Word by word: هُوَ (huwa) → he يَقْطَعُ (yaqṭa'u) → is cutting يَقْطَعُ comes from the root ق ط ع meaning: to cut, to sever. This is the same root used in the Quran when Allah speaks of breaking ties or cutting connections. The present tense form shows continuous action. Level 3 "He is cleaning." هُوَ يُنَظِّفُ Huwa yunaẓẓifu Word by word: هُوَ (huwa) → he يُنَظِّفُ (yunaẓẓifu) → is cleaning يُنَظِّفُ comes from the root ن ظ ف meaning: to be clean, pure. The pattern يُفَعِّلُ with the shadda on the middle letter indicates intensity or doing something thoroughly. So it is not just wiping. It is making something fully clean. Watch this video to learn how to get fluent in Arabic: https://youtu.be/djyY0QYIoNU
