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Here is the breakdown of these three expressions. Level 1 "He sees." هُوَ يَرَىٰ Huwa yarā Word by word: هُوَ (huwa) → he يَرَىٰ (yarā) → sees يَرَىٰ comes from the root ر أ ي meaning: to see, to perceive, to witness. Notice the alif maqsurah at the end. This is not a regular fatha. It is a long vowel that marks third person present tense of a defective verb. The root is about vision, but also about opinion and understanding. Level 2 "He hears." هُوَ يَسْمَعُ Huwa yasma'u Word by word: هُوَ (huwa) → he يَسْمَعُ (yasma'u) → hears يَسْمَعُ comes from the root س م ع meaning: to hear, to listen, to obey. The prefix يَـ (ya) indicates third person masculine present tense. The verb سَمِعَ means he heard. But يَسْمَعُ means he is hearing now. This is the difference between perfect and imperfect tense in Arabic. Level 3 "He smells." هُوَ يَشُمُّ Huwa yashummu Word by word: هُوَ (huwa) → he يَشُمُّ (yashummu) → smells يَشُمُّ comes from the root ش م م meaning: to smell, to inhale scent. Notice the shaddah on the meem. This is because the second and third root letters are identical. The geminated letter must be pronounced with emphasis. The pattern يَفْعُلُ becomes يَشُمُّ because of this merging. Every doubled letter carries meaning and weight. Watch this video to learn how to get fluent in Arabic: https://youtu.be/djyY0QYIoNU
